1. Introduction

 

Matter is the substance of which all material is made up; that means objects which have mass. Matter is a word that is sometimes used in varying ways in our everyday life, especially they must have rest mass, which is a form of energy that matter has even when it is not moving (no kinetic energy) or is extremely cold (no thermal energy).

The structure and composition of matter is investigated by breaking matter into smaller and smaller pieces. Hence, living organisms are made up of cells. Cells are composed of molecules, which are sets of atoms bonded together. In turn, each atom is an assemblage of elementary particles.

The ordinary matter that must be experience in our daily life is basically baryonic matter which is made up of tiny particles called atoms. The atoms gives those the property of mass and also have spaces between them and they move or vibrate all the time. The particles move faster and move further apart when heated and the reverse happens when cooled.